I gave a talk at Ohio State on April 24 titled “If Disability is the Medium, What is the Massage?” The venue was the annual Multiple Perspectives on Access, Inclusion, and Disability Conference. The talk is based on Marshall McLuhan’s 1967 book, The Medium is the Massage, itself a pun on his well-known trope, “The medium is the message.” I’m still working on the accessible text layer of the PowerPoint presentation, so I’m not ready to post it on this site.

One the slides uses this still shot from the 1977 Woody Allen film, Annie Hall. McLuhan plays himself in a scene in which Allen argues with an academically officious film professor who cites McLuhan while waiting in line to get into a movie. McLuhan steps in from the wings to tell the pedant, “You know nothing of my work!”

While planning the talk, I contemplated showing a video clip of the scene. Then a friend reminded me that I had a reputation for accessibility to maintain, and showing a clip without captioning would be unacceptable at Multiple Perspectives. In the end, I had more fun acting out the scene for my audience.

Here is the video clip, and below is a transcript of dialogue at the scene’s end (quoted in Douglas Coupland’s 2010 book on McLuhan, which reprises the “know nothing” quote in its subtitle.)

Coupland (p. 190) identifies the film professor who “blathers on about McLuhan’s media theories” as BORE in this transcript:

WOODY ALLEN: You don’t know anything about Marshall McLuhan’s work.

BORE: Really? Really? I happen to teach a class at Columbia called “TV, Media and Culture,” so I think that my insights into Mr. McLuhan, well, have a great deal of validity.  WOODY

ALLEN: Oh, do you?

BORE: Yeah.

WOODY ALLEN: Oh, that’s funny, because I happen to  have Mr. McLuhan right here. Come over here for a second?

BORE: Oh.

WOODY ALLEN: Tell him.

MARSHALL McLUHAN: I heard, I heard what you were saying. You know nothing of my work. How you ever got to teach a course on anything is totally amazing.

WOODY ALLEN: Boy, if life were only like this.

Silences.

And here, thanks to Ken Petri at OSU, are two sites where captioning can be added to the video, if anyone has the time , motive and tech savvy to make it happen.

Universal Subtitles and DotSub.

Ken notes: “DotSub will do any uploaded video. Universal Subtitles will do Vimeo and your own hosted HTML5 video, as well as YouTube.”

After the publication of Understanding Media, McLuhan received an astonishing amount of publicity, making him perhaps the most publicized English teacher in the twentieth century and arguably the most controversial. This publicity had much to do with the work of two California advertising executives, Gerald Feigen and Howard Gossage, who used personal profits to fund their practice of “genius scouting.” Much enamoured with McLuhan’s work, Feigen and Gossage arranged for McLuhan to meet with editors of several major New York magazines in May 1965 at the Lombardy Hotel in New York. Philip Marchand reports that, as a direct consequence of these meetings, McLuhan was offered the use of an office in the headquarters of both Time and Newsweek, any time he needed it.

In August 1965, Feigen and Gossage held what they called a “McLuhan festival” in the offices of Gossage’s advertising agency in San Francisco. During this “festival”, McLuhan met with advertising executives, members of the mayor’s office, and editors from the San Francisco Chronicle and Ramparts magazine. Perhaps more significant, however, was Tom Wolfe‘s presence at the festival, which he would later write about in his article, “What If He Is Right?”, published in New York Magazine and Wolfe’s own The Pump House Gang. According to Feigen and Gossage, however, their work had only a moderate effect on McLuhan’s eventual celebrity: they later claimed that their work only “probably speeded up the recognition of [McLuhan's] genius by about six months.”^[78] In any case, McLuhan soon became a fixture of media discourse. Newsweek magazine did a cover story on him; articles appeared in Life Magazine, Harper’s, Fortune, Esquire, and others. Cartoons about him appeared in The New Yorker.^[7] In 1969 Playboy magazine published a lengthy interview with him.^[79]

[MW: ? see comment below from Andrew McLuhan]  McLuhan was credited with coining the phrase Turn on, tune in, drop out by its popularizer, Timothy Leary in the 1960s. In a 1988 interview with Neil Strauss, Leary stated that slogan was “given to him” by McLuhan during a lunch in New York City. Leary said McLuhan “was very much interested in ideas and marketing, and he started singing something like, ‘Psychedelics hit the spot / Five hundred micrograms, that’s a lot,’ to the tune of a Pepsi commercial. Then he started going, ‘Tune in, turn on, and drop out.’”^[80]

During his lifetime and afterward, McLuhan heavily influenced cultural critics, thinkers, and media theorists such as Neil Postman, Jean Baudrillard, Camille Paglia, Timothy Leary, Terence McKenna, William Irwin Thompson, Paul Levinson, Douglas Rushkoff, Jaron Lanier and John David Ebert, as well as political leaders such as Pierre Elliott Trudeau^[81] and Jerry Brown. Andy Warhol was paraphrasing McLuhan with his now famous 15 minutes of fame quote. When asked in the 70s for a way to sedate violences in Angola, he suggested a massive spread of TV devices.^[82] In 1991 McLuhan was named as the “patron saint” of Wired Magazine and a quote of his appeared on the masthead for the first ten years of its publication.^[83] He is mentioned by name in a Peter Gabriel-penned lyric in the song “Broadway Melody of 1974“. This song appears on the concept album The Lamb Lies Down on Broadway, from progressive rock band Genesis. The lyric is: “Marshall McLuhan, casual viewin’ head buried in the sand.” McLuhan is also jokingly referred to during an episode of The Sopranos entitled House Arrest. Despite his death in 1980, someone claiming to be McLuhan was posting on a Wired mailing list in 1996. The information this individual provided convinced one writer for Wired that “if the poster was not McLuhan himself, it was a bot programmed with an eerie command of McLuhan’s life and inimitable perspective.”^[83]

A new centre known as the McLuhan Program in Culture and Technology, formed soon after his death in 1980, is the successor to McLuhan’s Centre for Culture and Technology at the University of Toronto and since 1994 it has been part of the University of Toronto Faculty of Information. The first director was literacy scholar and OISE professor David R. Olsen. From 1983 until 2008, the McLuhan Program was under the direction of Dr. Derrick de Kerckhove who was McLuhan’s student and translator. Since 2008 Professor Dominique Scheffel-Dunand has been Director of the Program.

• Misha Glenny: Hire the hackers! | Video on TED.com
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• ‘DarkMarket: Cyberthieves, Cybercops and You’ – Exploring the World of Cybercrime | PRI’s The World 101011
  Anchor Marco Werman talks about the borderless world of international cyber crime with Misha Glenny, whose new book is called “DarkMarker: Cyberthieves, Cybercops and You.”
• Ayesha Khanna on smart cities and the Hybrid Age | Spark
  According to Ayesha Khanna, the end of the so-called “Information Age” is nigh. Ayesha is the the director of the Hybrid Reality Institute, and she says we’re starting to enter a new age — the “Hybrid Age” — which is characterized by pervasive computing, biotechnology and nanotechnology, and “the emergence of technologies as a social actor.” That is, a time defined by our social interactions with the machines around us. This week, Nora interviewed Ayesha Khanna about the hybrid age, and about another of Ayesha’s areas of expertise: smart cities. You can hear the full, uncut interview or download the MP3. [runs 32:15]
• Spark 157 – October 2 & 5, 2011 | Spark
  Psychology professor Jennifer Steeves of York University explains how human beings recognize one another compared to facial recognition software. And Alessandro Acquisti from Carnegie Mellon University reveals some surprising research into how regular recognition tech can identify “anonymous” people. | Jure Leskovec is an assistant professor of computer science at Stanford, and he analyses past human behaviour online to predict future outcomes. And he’s discovered he can correctly predict who your next friends on Facebook will be. | What happens when cities can monitor and respond to the people who live in them? There is no end to the Spark obsession with this question. Ayesha Khanna, director of the Hybrid Reality Institute, talks to Nora Young about the potential, and the challenges of smart cities, and what becomes possible when sensors are embedded everywhere.
• Steve Jobs and Apple’s Innovative Advertising – On The Media 100711
  Apple Computer co-founder Steve Jobs died this week at the age of 56. Bob remembers the tech giant, and discusses Apple’s iconic “1984″ Super Bowl commercial, which he says is one of the best advertisements ever made.
• The Loss of a Valuable Journalistic Tool – On The Media 100711
  For years, health care reporters have employed a government database called the National Practitioner Data Bank, containing information on malpractice payouts. The public version of the database hides the names of physicians, but after a reporter was able to identify an anonymous doctor, the public database was taken offline. Bob talks to Charles Ornstein of the Association of Health Care Journalists about why the database is important, and attempts by journalists to regain access to it.
• Digital Public Library of America
  The DPLA Steering Committee is leading the first concrete steps toward the realization of a large-scale digital public library that will make the cultural and scientific record available to all. The vision of a national digital library has been circulating among librarians, scholars, educators, and private industry representatives since the early 1990s, but it has not yet materialized. Efforts led by a range of organizations, including the Library of Congress, HathiTrust, and the Internet Archive, have successfully built resources that provide books, images, historical records, and audiovisual materials to anyone with Internet access. Many universities, public libraries, and other public-spirited organizations have digitized materials that could be brought together under the frame of the DPLA, but these digital collections often exist in silos.
• MediaBerkman » Blog Archive » RB 185: The Next Generation Library 101711
  What would a digital version of your public library look like? There’s more to it than e-books and digital reading devices. Librarians, scholars, innovators, and techno-wizards are collaborating under the mantle of the Digital Public Library of America (DPLA) to build a next generation public library. Such a thing could incorporate one or more of many different elements: a set of physical buildings; a purely digital archive with an open API layer for coders to play around with; a full fledged digital lending library. And when the DPLA converge on the National Archives in Washington, DC this Friday (you can check out the agenda and tune in to a livestream here) they’ll get to work out just a few of those ideas.
• MediaBerkman » Blog Archive » RB 184: Intellectual Property — Not Just For Lawyers Anymore 101211
  It’s time to stop thinking about intellectual property as something purely for your legal counsel to deal with. That’s the driving idea behind John Palfrey’s aptly titled new book Intellectual Property Strategy. Companies and institutions that have to worry about creative works, trademarks, or brands would be well-suited, Palfrey says, to seize the sword and shield from the attorneys (who tend to be aggressive and/or defensive about IP) and exercise a little more flexibility and creativity with intellectual property on their own. Palfrey sat down with David Weinberger for this week’s Radio Berkman to talk about why.
• Spark 159 – October 23 & 26, 2011 | Spark
  There’s been a sharp decline in the number of young people studying Computer Science. Mark Allemang is a professor at Sault College in Sault Ste Marie Ontario who has seen this decline first hand, as more and more courses are canceled in community college. But why do so-called digital natives lack interest in pursuing careers in tech fields? David Ticoll is the executive director of the Canadian Coalition for Tomorrow’s ICT Skills, and he thinks the key is in not limiting education in computers to a hard category of ‘computer science’, but in thinking of educating young people in hybrid skills. (Runs 10:00)
• Full Interview: Douglas Rushkoff on Program or Be Programmed | Spark 101211
  Nora Young: “Today I interviewed Douglas Rushkoff, an author and keen observer of new media and digital culture. I wanted to talk to him about his most recent book, Program or Be Programmed: Ten Commands for a Digital Age. He argues that in learning to code, or at least learning a little about coding, we can better understand the biases of digital technology, and the design decisions that go into our digital technologies. In short, we don’t need to be passive consumers of new technology.”
• Full Interview: Rob Spence on Cyborgs, Eyeborgs, and Human Augmentation | Spark 100511
  Rob Spence is a documentary filmmaker. He’s also a self-described cyborg. His latest project, Deus Ex: The Eyeborg Documentary launched in conjunction with the launch of a video game called Deus Ex: Human Revolution. In it, Rob looks at the current state of cybernetics, and asks how far off a Deus Ex-like future might be.
• CFP 2012 ADA: Multiple Perspectives on Access, Inclusion, and Disability
  April 24-25, 2012 | Proposals are due December 5th, 2011 | The theme for the Twelfth Annual Multiple Perspectives, “Experience Understood in Image, Poetry, Narrative and Research” reaches across disciplines, professions and modes of knowing for a fuller understanding of disability. The theme facilitates our twelve year exploration of disability as a reflection of the human condition as seen through the lenses of environmental, theoretical and social constructs as well as personal experience. Preference will be given to presentations that encourage conversations across the typical divisions (medical and social, education and employment, research and practice, business and government, rights and charity …) or focus on the parallels, distinctions and intersections with race, gender and ethnicity.
• The ‘Worm’ That Could Bring Down The Internet : NPR 092711
  As many as 12 million computers worldwide have been infected with a highly encrypted computer worm called Conficker. Writer Mark Bowden details how Conficker was discovered, how it works, and the ongoing programming battle to bring down Conficker in his book Worm: The First Digital World War.
• delicious beta status
  Welcome to the Delicious Beta Status blog. During the beta period, this page will serve as the primary source for engineering team updates on migration issues, bugs we’re fixing, and feedback we’re receiving from the community.

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• ‘Wonderstruck’: A Novel Approach To Picture Books : NPR 091311
  “Wonderstruck” is the story of Rose and Ben, a young boy and girl who live years and worlds apart. By the end of the book, the reader learns they have a special connection. But from early on, they have one thing in common: She is deaf and he loses his hearing when he is struck by lightening. [Author/illustrator Brian] Selznick says the idea for the book began forming when he saw a documentary about deafness and deaf culture. One of the deaf educators emphasized how hyper-attuned deaf people are to the visual world. So Selznick set out to tell the story of a deaf character in pictures. “We experience [Rose's] story in a way that perhaps might echo the way she experiences her own life,” he explains.
• How Long Do Users Stay on Web Pages? (Jakob Nielsen’s Alertbox) 091211
  If the Web page survives this first — extremely harsh — 10-second judgment, users will look around a bit. However, they’re still highly likely to leave during the subsequent 20 seconds of their visit. Only after people have stayed on a page for about 30 seconds does the curve become relatively flat. People continue to leave every second, but at a much slower rate than during the first 30 seconds. So, if you can convince users to stay on your page for half a minute, there’s a fair chance that they’ll say much longer — often 2 minutes or more, which is an eternity on the Web. [What's a Weibull distribution? Weibull is a reliability-engineering concept that's used to analyze the time-to-failure for components. The model's hazard function indicates the probability that a component will fail at time t, given that it has worked fine up until time t... when analyzing Web visits, we simply replace "component failure" with "user leaving the page." ]
• Roger Ebert Talks Friendship, Food (And Missing It), And Living ‘Life Itself’ : NPR 091311
  Melissa Block interview with Roger Ebert, whose new memoir is “Life Itself”: “Ebert still churns out half a dozen reviews every week, and typing has become his means of speech. “This is ‘Alex,’” he explains, “a voice that came built into my computer.” Alex is part of a text-to-speech program; Ebert types, Alex speaks the words. The words flow at a remarkable rate, given that he laboriously hunts and pecks with just two fingers across the keyboard. | I came to talk with Roger Ebert about his life as a film critic and his life with illness. Because typing is a long and exhausting process for him, we agreed that I’d send some questions in advance.”
• Khan Academy | Learn almost anything for free
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• Learn to code | Codecademy
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• ERIAL Project | Ethnographic Research in Illinois Academic Libraries
  The Ethnographic Research in Illinois Academic Libraries (ERIAL) Project is a two-year study of the student research process. The project is funded by an LSTA grant awarded to Northeastern Illinois University (NEIU) by the Illinois State Library. The goal of the project is to understand how students do research, and how relationships between students, teaching faculty and librarians shape that process. ERIAL is also an applied study—that is, research pursued with the purpose of uncovering, understanding and addressing social problems. As such, its goal is to use the results to develop more user-centered library services.
• Full Interview: Cathy N. Davidson on Evolving Education | Spark 090211
  [re attention blindness; William James on attention] Duke University professor Cathy N. Davidson is author of the new book “Now You See It: How the Brain Science of Attention Will Transform the Way We Live, Work, and Learn.” She believes that how we learn is a relic of 19th century values, and if it has any chance at relevancy, must embrace aspects of our digital lives that are normally shunned by scholars – technology, collaboration, and yes, even distraction.
• Spark 154 – September 11 & 14, 2011 | Spark
  On this episode of Spark: The Future of Education, The Myth of the Digital Native, and Designing Memorials for 9/11. | The Myth of the Digital Native: It’s easy to assume that anyone under the age of 25 is “tech savvy”, but it turns out that’s not entirely true. A new study of undergrads suggests that these so-called “digital natives” are not so digitally minded after all. Nora speaks with Andrew Asher, the lead anthropologist on the project, as well as Eszter Hargittai who has researched differentials in how much young people know about tech. (Runs: 12:28)

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• 9/11 Memorial Webcam | National September 11 Memorial & Museum
  EarthCam’s live webcam brings into view the National September 11 Memorial & Museum. Use the navigation tools to direct the camera. You can also save the high definition image on your computer, print it or share it with friends.
• National September 11 Memorial & Museum | World Trade Center Memorial
• All The Names: Algorithmic Design and the 9/11 Memorial | blprnt.blg 061011
  Jer Thorpe: “The project was to design an algorithm for placement of names on the 9/11 memorial in New York City. In architect Michael Arad‘s vision for the memorial, the names were to be laid according to where people were and who they were with when they died – not alphabetical, nor placed in a grid. Inscribed in bronze parapets, almost three thousand names would stream seamlessly around the memorial pools. Underneath this river of names, though, an arrangement would provide a meaningful framework; one which allows the names of family and friends to exist together. Victims would be linked through what Arad terms ‘meaningful adjacencies’ – connections that would reflect friendships, family bonds, and acts of heroism. through these connections, the memorial becomes a permanent embodiment of not only the many individual victims, but also of the relationships that were part of their lives before those tragic events.”
• Jer Thorp on Algorithmic Design and the 9/11 Memorial | Spark
  On the newly opened 9/11 memorial at Ground Zero in New York City, the names are laid according to where people were and who they were with when they died. Jer Thorp had the difficult task of designing an algorithm for placement of the names, and he talks to Nora about the challenges of using math and computer science to tackle a very, very sensitive problem. (Runs: 13:44)
• Remembering the Twin Towers Using Augmented Reality | Spark 082911
  Brian August has created an app that uses augmented reality to add a silhouette of the World Trade Center to images of New York City’s skyline. He calls the project 110 Stories, and he tells Nora why he thinks this app is about more than the destruction of the twin towers. (Runs: 8:47)
• The criminalization of speech since 9/11 – War Room – Salon.com 091011
  The case is an example of prosecutors’ aggressive use, in the decade after Sept. 11, of the preexisting law that bars providing “material support” to officially designated terrorist groups. In a landmark case last year, the Supreme Court endorsed the government’s broad interpretation of the material-support law in a way that critics say criminalizes speech. The expanded use of the material-support law is an important part of the legacy of 9/11 and the legal regime erected in response to the attacks.
• The Talk Online – Web Offers Both News and Comfort – NYTimes.com 091201
  [Dave Winerlinks to this] NYT writeup, the day following 9/11/01, on the role bloggers played in getting the first information about the attacks.
• Scripting News: My 9/11 | 091011
  Dave Winer: “I realize I am a strange duck from the standpoint of 9/11. I experienced it from California, and blogged it, as my NY counterparts couldn’t. I received their emails and pointed to their pictures and stories. I acted as an online anchor, and learned a lot that day, and grew a lot, all while being scared out of my mind and depressed. The blogging helped me get through it.”
• Scripting News: 9/11/2001
  Dave Winer’s historic blog post from 9/11 — still linked on the net.
• Newly Released 9/11 Audio – On The Media
  This week, Rutgers Law Review published an archive of conversations between air traffic controllers on the morning of September 11, 2001. Jim Dwyer of The New York Times wrote about the newly released audio, and talks to Bob about what we can learn from them.
• Arbitrary Restrictions on Photographers – On The Media 090911
  At times during the last decade, authorities have arbitrarily stopped photographers from taking pictures in the name of national security. For example, University of Maryland student Reza Farhoodi was removed from his seat at a Washington Redskins game because he was using a ‘professional camera’ – even though there is no prohibition against using ‘professional’ cameras at football games. Brooke spoke with attorney Morgan Manning about being forbidden to photograph.
• [webdev] Web Design Update: September 9, 2011
  via Laura Carlson; Volume 10, Issue 11, September 9, 2011. An email newsletter to distribute news and information about web design and development.
• Hugh Herr – ‘The Double-Amputee Who Designs Better Limbs’ : NPR 081711
  Nearly 30 years ago, Hugh Herr lost both of his legs in a climbing accident at age 17. Today, he runs the Biomechatronics group at the MIT Media Lab and designs better prosthetic limbs for other amputees.
• Masked Anonymous Protesters Aid Time Warner’s Profits – NYTimes.com
  When members of Anonymous, the hacker group, appear in public to protest censorship and what they view as corruption, they don a plastic mask of Guy Fawkes, the 17th-century Englishman who tried to blow up the Houses of Parliament. What few people seem to know, though, is that Time Warner, one of the largest media companies in the world and parent of Warner Brothers, owns the rights to the image and is paid a licensing fee with the sale of each mask.
• Remix Breakdown: Turning Adele’s ‘Rolling In The Deep’ Into A Summer Jam :  NPR 090511
  “When you’re in the remixing game you look for certain things in a song. Certain songs have a lot going on in them that are really hard to eliminate when all you want is the vocal sample or basic idea,” Dirlam says. “Every single DJ that has remixed ‘Rolling In The Deep’ owes Rick Rubin a huge kiss on the lips. Rubin strips down songs and exposes them for what they are. Here you have claps, guitars, bass, piano, her voice, and that’s it.”

I am hardly alone in my debt of gratitude. I remember a story Norman Coombs told me years ago about his first contact with Project Gutenberg. He was so thrilled to read Shakespeare using his computer with voice synthesizer that he downloaded the Complete Works, just so he knew he would have it all in an accessible format whenever he wanted. Whether he read all of Shakespeare – or not – the accessibility was empowering. Norm’s book, The Black Experience in America, is accessible now via Project Gutenberg.

Hart understood this transformational drive for access to literacy when he wrote in July: “One thing about eBooks that most people haven’t thought much is that eBooks are the very first thing that we’re all able to have as much as we want other than air. Think about that for a moment and you realize we are in the right job.”

Amen, and thank-you, Michael Hart!

The Guardian recounts how Hart published his first digital text on the Internet:

In 1971, Hart was given extensive computer time by the operators of the Xerox Sigma V mainframe at the University of Illinois. Not wanting to waste the opportunity, he pondered carefully what to do with his time. “I happened to stop at our local IGA grocery store on the way. “We were just coming up on the American Bicentennial and they put faux parchment historical documents in with the groceries. So, as I fumbled through my backpack for something to eat, I found the US Declaration of Independence and had a lightbulb moment. I thought for a while to see if I could figure out anything I could do with the computer that would be more important than typing in the Declaration of Independence, something that would still be there 100 years later, but couldn’t come up with anything, and so Project Gutenberg was born,” he said in an interview in 2002.

Today, Project Gutenberg is one of the largest collections of free ebooks in the world.

“What allowed me to think of this particular use for computers so long before anyone else did is the same thing that allows every other inventor to create their inventions: being at the right place, at the right time, with the right background. As Lermontov said in The Red Shoes: ‘Not even the greatest magician in the world can pull a rabbit out of a hat if there isn’t already a rabbit in it’,” said Hart in 2002. “You have to remember that the internet had just gone transcontinental and this was one of the very first computers on it.

“Somehow I had envisioned the net in my mind very much as it would become 30 years later. I envisioned sending the Declaration of Independence to everyone on the net… all 100 of them… which would have crashed the whole thing, but luckily Fred Ranck stopped me, and we just posted a notice in what would later become comp.gen. I think about six out of the 100 users at the time downloaded it.”

Even if you have the best of idealistic intentions, it’s hard not to get sucked up in The System. According to Nick Bilton in the NYT:

Anonymous, the hacker group, has jostled with the Iranian government and the Church of Scientology and has briefly shut down the Web sites of Visa, MasterCard and other global corporations.

When members appear in public to protest censorship and what they view as corruption, they don a plastic mask of Guy Fawkes, the 17th-century Englishman who tried to blow up the Houses of Parliament.

Stark white, with blushed pink cheeks, a wide grin and a thin black mustache and goatee, the mask resonates with the hackers because it was worn by a rogue anarchist challenging an authoritarian government in “V for Vendetta,” the movie produced in 2006 by Warner Brothers.

What few people seem to know, though, is that Time Warner, one of the largest media companies in the world and parent of Warner Brothers, owns the rights to the image and is paid a licensing fee with the sale of each mask. Read more

 

Scripting News: New header on Scripting News 082211

Dave Winer: “ you might want to click this link and have a look at the home page, because there's a new header here. It's notable not just because it looks good, but it's text, not a graphic. I knew when I saw Google Web Fonts that I was going to use it, but it took a bit of experimentation and thinking to figure out how. It's always a good idea to let things settle-in a bit before moving. Your first intuition is not always so good. But after a while, you figure it out. “

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